{"id":60621,"date":"2023-01-13T15:44:29","date_gmt":"2023-01-13T13:44:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/espores.org\/?p=60621"},"modified":"2024-01-09T13:42:53","modified_gmt":"2024-01-09T11:42:53","slug":"botanist-of-the-month-montserrat-martinez","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/espores.org\/en\/interviews\/botanist-of-the-month-montserrat-martinez\/","title":{"rendered":"Botanist of the month: Montserrat Mart\u00ednez"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

What drew you towards Botany?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ever since I was a little kid I used to walk through the countryside with my parents, especially around mi native Burgos, and during these long walks by foot or bike they would teach me to pay attention to the different forms of life that we could see there, many of them small -ants, butterflies, flowers, goldfinches, etc.- and they would teach me mostly bird and plant names. Little by little, I managed to save enough money to buy binoculars, my first plant guide and a small magnifying glass with which I loved to observe living beings. On the summer I turned 15, after a trip to The Pyrenees, I was so impressed by the meadows where edelweiss grew -which I only knew from \u2018Heidi\u2019, ha ha- that I decided to start my own herbarium. That is when my passion for learning to identify and name different types of organisms began. I was always determined about wanting to study Biology -I was given nicknames like \u2018bugologist\u2019 for being a \u2018bug weirdo\u2019 during high school- and, although I was very interested in birds and reptiles at the beginning of my degree, several teachers helped me discover the many charms of flowering plants: their non-centralised organisation and modular design, their cooperation possibilities with other organisms, their much more flexible ways of multiplication of reproduction than most animals and, given all of this, their huge adaptability in the challenge that it is to endure the difficulties of a static life. Funny enough, I have ended up with mobility problems myself and have also learned to overcome many challenges. When you can\u2019t move, you have to change your way of organisation completely and solve your problems while taking this into account, this sort of\u2026 limitation? Or rather couldn\u2019t we see it as an opportunity to force ourselves to think imaginatively about our way of functioning? How could I not find myself constantly pulled towards such a world\u2019s exploration!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Exploring V\u00eda Verde de la Plata (natural area in Salamanca) in a reclining tricycle, with the aim of finding workplaces that are accessible for all of my students (myself included, of course!).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How would you summarise your professional career?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I studied Biology at the University of Salamanca and wrote my undergraduate thesis on Botany, more specifically about Pteridophytes in Extremadura. While studying a Masters Degree in Environmental Policy and Management at University Charles III of Madrid, I started developing my doctorate at the Real Jard\u00edn Bot\u00e1nico de Madrid (Madrid\u2019s Botanical Garden) with a predoctoral scholarship within the project Flora iberica<\/em>, which was a biosystematics study about the genus Veronica. <\/em>I feel lucky that I could take part in different research stays at international research centres. During my two stays at Kew Gardens (UK) I could see for myself how the Jodrell laboratory held very interesting seminars on molecular systemics and evolution (Mark W. Chase, one of the main promoters of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and of the currently well-known phylogenetic classification of Angiospermae, had just joined the laboratory).  At the time I was making use of different methodologies for the study of traditional taxonomical characters (pollen, chromosomes, organ morphology, etc.) and I could imagine how big a difficulty it was to establish hypotheses on phylogenetic relationships between comparable species. That being so, I made the most of my stays at Kew and my 3-year-postdoctoral period at University of Viena (Austria) to learn as much as I could about what are known as molecular characters, as well as the different methodologies for phylogenetic reconstruction based on taking into account \u2018total evidence\u2019, that is, taking into consideration the information found in DNA sequences, but also traditional characters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
At University of Salamanca\u2019s Biology Campus. Picture by Sergio P\u00e9rez Gorj\u00f3n. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

I had already earned my position as an assistant professor at the University of Salamanca shortly before travelling to Viena, and I gathered the requirements for the then known as the new position of Associate Professor before coming back to Spain. And so after the postdoc period back in Salamanca I was able to promote this new position. At the time a research incentive contract allowed me to establish a molecular systematics laboratory, first in a reduced space at the Botany Department, and later within the National DNA Bank\u2019s facilities, and it is in this way that we started with the University of Salamanca\u2019s DNA Biobank, which is centred around wild vegetal species. A path full of work, hope and dedication, the proud tutoring of 10 doctorate theses by greatly competent students, of which I am not only proud but also thankful, since we overcame difficulties and learned together, but yet most of the everyday workload falls on these persevering doctorates and obviously on the not enough recognised technical staff. Almost nobody walks alone in the scientific world, this is about teamwork, looking for complementary skills and promoting synergies that make us grow. And, on top of this, one needs to be brave to a certain degree; in my case this was the case when applying for projects and when obtaining my position as a Full Professor, which I did after sitting for a national qualification exam. This system didn\u2019t last for long and it was lacking here and there, but it offered real promotion prospects to those who were at universities with almost fully-covered public servant positions. Later on, precisely 21 years after I signed that first contract as an assistant professor, I obtained my professorship. Since 2018 I lead the research group on Biodiversity, systematics and vascular plants and fungi preservation<\/a> at University of Salamanca and I am the technical director of the Herbarium and vegetal DNA Biobank Service.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
At the library of the University of Salamanca\u2019s Botany Area, next to Flora iberica<\/em> volumes. Picture by DiCyT.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How is your day-to-day professional life?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I would say that Botany and Biology are, to put it in a way, part of my constitution. I AM a botanist to the bone, I don\u2019t simply HAVE botany in my life. What I mean by this is that there is no day-to-day professional life for me which is clearly differentiated from some other time when I don\u2019t  think and act as a botanist, as a biologist. Some days ago a doctorate said to me \u00absince you\u2019re always thinking, even at the shower, I\u2019ll give you something to think about\u00bb. And I find it funny that I\u2019m remembering these words now, because that\u2019s just how my day to day is. I could be riding my bike back home from work while thinking about ideas for my next project, watching my nephews and nieces swim while I sketch a way to explain a certain topic to my students in my head, I just can\u2019t close my eyes to plants, even if I\u2019m going for a walk in my free time or visiting, let\u2019s say, Lugo! My day to day is extremely unpredictable and not subdued to a fixed schedule, I\u2019m simply at it<\/em> all the time. Some parts of it I consider as my real job<\/em>, most of them having to do with management or bureaucracy and which I try to deal with in a specific time period so that I can have them quickly done. Other parts are a total pleasure to me, and these range from preparing and giving lectures -when it\u2019s a motivating module- to thinking about how to methodologically approach matters related to the development of projects and theses or samplings and botanising campaigns. This last activity is definitely my favourite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Introducing professor Juan Antonio Devesa Alcaraz\u2019s intervention, on the occasion of having finished the work Flora iberica<\/em>, at the First Spanish Botany Congress (University of Castilla La Mancha, Toledo). Picture by Blanca Rojas Andr\u00e9s.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Are you particularly proud about having participated in any special project and\/or discovery?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I\u2019m particularly proud about having contributed to the big collective work Flora iberica<\/em>, which attempts at summarising knowledge on Pteridophytes, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae, which have representation in Peninsular Spain and The Balearic Islands. The project started in 1980 and I joined it in 1994 as I began my doctoral thesis. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

How relevant are this kind of projects for society as a whole?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As you can imagine, Flora iberica<\/em> is a commonly used work by countless professionals and enthusiasts, ranging from agricultural engineers to biologists and environmental science specialists or preservation and garden technicians. Flora iberica<\/em> is also a tool used in class, in the scientific field for any taxonomic doubt that may arise\u2026 with almost 7000 taxa it doesn\u2019t seem unlikely that classifications may blur out a bit in memory, isn\u2019t it? Now, the work is available for online consultation at the Digital Library of the Real Jard\u00edn Bot\u00e1nico in Madrid. Although there may be specific taxonomical discussions that only concern certain species, and also in spite of some volumes being maybe a bit outdated, I believe that Flora iberica<\/em> will remain a reference work for a long time. Its wide range of users and permanence and validity will be the traits that will best show, with time, its relevance for society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Fieldwork with my former doctorate Blanca Rojas Andr\u00e9s. We are collecting Veronica teucrium<\/em> in Bulgaria.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tell us about your current projects<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An ecophysiologist colleague and I are currently leading a project funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation about hybridisation in the Quercus<\/em> genus. We are particularly interested in the possible adaptative meaning behind hybridisation and introgression in the Quercus faginea<\/em> \u00d7 Q. pyrenaica<\/em> system. We are trying to understand why these evolutionary phenomena take place so frequently in this group and why hybrids aren\u2019t quickly eliminated and rather persist in wide contact areas. Could such processes endow them with genomic and functional flexibility and, perhaps, entail adaptative advantages in contexts of environmental change? Or could it be that hybrids are, with time, selectively eliminated?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, a colleague from the research institute Instituto Pirenaico de Ecolog\u00eda (Pyrenean Ecology Institute) and I are working on a project with public foundation Fundaci\u00f3n Biodiversidad (Biodiversity Foundation) about the endemic genus Petrocoptis<\/em>. We make use in this case of phylogenomic tools to try to draw clear limits between species, a subject on which there is, at the moment, no consensus and which is relevant for the appropriate categorisation of these species \u2013since many are threatened\u2013 and the relationships between them. But we are also interested in other matters that are more explicitly related to preservation, as it is the case with the establishment of germination protocols or the acknowledgement of various parameters such as population\u2019s genetic variability and singularity, among others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am also part of a European project, a COST Action (European Cooperation in Science and Technology): \u201cConserve plants in Europe\u201d, with the aim of establishing connections between scientists and other participants interested in appropriately approaching plant preservation in Europe, as at the moment each country deals with it on their own while plants obviously don\u2019t respond to administrative frontiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Next to a Welwitschia mirabilis<\/em> specimen in Namibia.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Apart from those, there are other long-term projects that I keep in mind and are slowly in progress, but which can\u2019t currently count on specific fundings.  With limited time, not everything can be dealt with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How do you think your profession has changed with time?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I was telling you before about how I went from making measurements at first with a binocular magnifying glass, studying chromosomes with an optical microscope or pollen with an electron microscope and so on, to learning about technologies for the study of certain DNA areas. We are now compelled to move from genetics to genomics to try to lay out phylogenetic hypotheses, which means that we have gone from having to deal with reduced data to carrying out massive DNA and environmental data analyses. Now it\u2019s time to learn how to make a model of the different parameter\u2019s evolution through time, of species\u2019 niches, etc. And so, the importance of Bioinformatics in this area is progressively increasing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to this, on a more personal note, as I have moved further in my professional career, I have experienced a change to my initial interests, first more centred around organisms, then expanded to an interest in processes which produce variation and are of vital importance in evolution, such as hybridisation (with or without polyploidisation). This widening of my interests has led to important changes to my research activity. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

How would you assess the field\u2019s current employment situation?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s not easy, to be honest. You struggle to get into the university system or the Spanish National Research Council, the scientific career is generally long and strict and, what is worse, not well defined. Moreover, success isn\u2019t always dependant on merits. On the other hand, I find particularly striking how little appreciation the system, to my knowledge at least, shows towards technical staff members, who are key to the development of projects. I don\u2019t really understand either why we the science and technology system makes us waste our time, absurdly most of the times, with administrative difficulties, short deadlines for projects, etc. Such situations drain your excitement for research out little by little, at least at University where we may have other tasks. Obstacle after obstacle, many are the times you may lose (or invest, however you want to see it) your own money on research so that it can be carried out. When you\u2019re very passionate about it, this doesn\u2019t stop you, but some people eventually abandon\u2026 and I\u2019m not in favour of it, since researching is among our responsibilities as university professionals. These are known issues, suffered and talked about among all scientists, it\u2019s no discovery of mine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Fieldwork with my students, going up Vela Blanca (Cabo de Gata, Almer\u00eda) on my tricycle.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

What\u2019s an essential skill in your profession?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Observation skills, curiosity and clear reasoning are a must, as in any other scientific field.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Would you consider yourself a disciple of any botanist in particular?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enrique Rico and Ximena Gir\u00e1ldez are definitely botanists I look up to. Both retired now, they used to lecture at University of Salamanca. Apart from my teachers, I consider them as friends, since they didn\u2019t only teach me much of what I know about Botany, but I also see them as extremely generous and humane people, with a passion for this discipline. I still have a blast every time we meet for anything related to the field or in other circumstances. These traits of them are what makes a good teacher, as they were and will always be to me. They may get a bit \u201cangry\u201d with me if they happen to read this, because I know they don\u2019t really like acknowledgment. But I want to stay true to the saying that \u201cgratitude is the sign of noble souls\u201d and, as I owe them much of who I am, both as a botanist and as a person, I can only but publicly acknowledge them, they may as well forgive me about it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Expanding botanic knowledge on humid subtropical forests with Ximena Gir\u00e1ldez at Biotopo del Quetzal (Guatemala).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In all your years as a botanist, what is the funniest or most interesting situation you have experienced and may want to share?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

We had mixed feelings about having to collect Veronica rosea<\/em> in Argelia with a bulletproof vest on and surrounded by militaries carrying anti-personnel mine detectors. Up until that point (and others at the Balkans) I hadn\u2019t thought of mine as a risky profession\u2026 save my mother from reading this part! It still puzzles me how is it that these militaries let us access such an isolated area at northern Sahara\u2026 maybe they pitied us, having reached that far. Their disappointed faces when they saw that what we were looking for was that tiny and almost dried out plant were absolutely priceless and made us laugh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
On the left, me on my \u2018Tarzan\u2019 mode at the Tambopata National Reserve (Peru) with my mother, Cecilia Ortega, laughing at me. On the right, me trying to go up and take pictures of a Moringa ovalifolia <\/em>in Namibia.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Are you allergic to any plants? Pollen?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I actually am allergic to Gramineae pollen. In fact, I\u2019ve been admitted to the hospital a couple times as a child, where I would need monitoring and an oxygen supply. Not even that could interfere between my vocation and me haha, although, quite frankly, I\u2019m not particularly keen on Gramineae and I struggle with recognising their species, so this allergy is the perfect excuse to not pay much attention to them! Haha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What drew you towards Botany? Ever since I was a little kid I used to walk through the countryside with my parents, especially around mi native Burgos, and during these long walks by foot or bike they would teach me to pay attention to the different forms of life that we could see there, many […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":138,"featured_media":60622,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7282],"tags":[7445,7283],"coauthors":[2761],"class_list":["post-60621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interviews","tag-botanistofthemonth","tag-botanicdelmes-en"],"yoast_head":"\nBotanist of the month: Montserrat Mart\u00ednez | Espores<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/espores.org\/en\/interviews\/botanist-of-the-month-montserrat-martinez\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Botanist of the month: Montserrat Mart\u00ednez | Espores\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What drew you towards Botany? 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